Principles Of Inheritance And Variation Chapter-Wise Test 1

Correct answer Carries: 4.

Wrong Answer Carries: -1.

Which of the following disorders is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait?

Hemophilia
Thalassemia
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Turner’s syndrome
2

Thalassemia follows an autosomal recessive pattern, requiring two defective alleles for disease expression.

Which type of mutation occurs due to the deletion or insertion of a single nucleotide in a gene sequence?

Point mutation
Frameshift mutation
Silent mutation
Missense mutation
2

A frameshift mutation occurs when a nucleotide is inserted or deleted, shifting the reading frame of the gene.

Which of the following disorders is caused by a mutation in the gene coding for the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase?

Sickle-cell anemia
Thalassemia
Phenylketonuria
Cystic fibrosis
3

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is caused by a mutation in the gene coding for phenylalanine hydroxylase, leading to the accumulation of phenylalanine.

Which phenomenon explains why linked genes do not follow Mendel’s law of independent assortment?

Mutation
Linkage
Pleiotropy
Epistasis
2

Linkage occurs when genes located close together on the same chromosome tend to be inherited together.

What is the chromosomal composition of a normal human male?

46, XX
45, XO
46, XY
47, XXY
3

A normal human male has 46 chromosomes, including one X and one Y sex chromosome.

Which of the following disorders is caused by a defect in clotting factors?

Sickle-cell anemia
Hemophilia
Thalassemia
Phenylketonuria
2

Hemophilia is a genetic disorder caused by defects in clotting factors, leading to excessive bleeding.

Which chromosomal abnormality causes Edward’s syndrome?

Monosomy of X chromosome
Trisomy of chromosome 18
Trisomy of chromosome 21
Deletion of chromosome 5
2

Edward’s syndrome is caused by trisomy of chromosome 18, leading to severe developmental issues.

Which of the following statements about independent assortment is incorrect?

Independent assortment occurs during meiosis.
It applies to genes located on different chromosomes.
Linked genes follow independent assortment.
It contributes to genetic variation.
3

Linked genes do not follow the Law of Independent Assortment because they are inherited together unless crossing over occurs.

Which term describes an organism with identical alleles for a given trait?

Heterozygous
Homozygous
Diploid
Hybrid
2

A homozygous organism has two identical alleles for a trait.

Which type of mutation involves a change in a single nucleotide without shifting the reading frame?

Point mutation
Frameshift mutation
Deletion mutation
Nondisjunction
1

A point mutation occurs when a single nucleotide is altered, but it does not affect the reading frame.

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